The article

EVERYTHING ABOUT THE USING OF ARTICLES' a/an/the

ARTIKELIS (The Article)

Angų kalboje prieš daiktavardžius būna žymimasis artikelis the ir nežymimasis artikelis a/an. Kartais prieš daiktavardžius nevartojamas joks artikelis. Artikelio vartojimas priklauso nuo daiktavardžio kategorijos, formos ir nuo to, kuri daiktavardžio reikšmė yra komunikacijoje realizuojama - apibendrinamoji ar konkrečioji.

Vartokite žymimąjį artikelį the

1. Kai kalbate apie kažką konkrečiai.
I like the flowers which I plant myself. We are drinking the coffee which you brought from Brazil. The ice on your pond will soon melt away. The opera house at Covent Garden is loved by foreigners. It happened that I spent several days in Paris in the autumn of that year on my way to Marceilles.

2. Kai kažkas yra vienas ar vienintelis:
the sun, the earth, the moon, the sky, the ground, the equator, the capital of..., the end of...
Paris is the capital of Fiance.
Everybody left at the end of their meeting.
What is the largest lake in Europe?
The sun had set. The sky was green and yellow.
A strange figure appeared against the sky.

3. Vandenynų, upių, jūrų, srovių pavadinimais; ežerų, salų pavadinimais daugiskaitoje:
What is the name of the ocean between Africa and Australia? Its name is the Indian Ocean.
What is the name of the sea between Africa and Europe? It is the Mediterranean Sea.
What is the name of the sea between Britain and Norway? It is the Norwegian Sea.
Which river flows through Vienna, Budapest and Belgrad? The Danube.
The Severn is the longest river in Great Britain.
London is on the Thames.
The Nile is the longest river in Africa.
We went to Spain for our holidays and swam in the Mediterranean.
Russia and Japan argue because of the Kuril Islands.
Great Britain is situated on the British Isles.

4. Kalnų virtinių pavadinimais:
the Ands, the Urals, the Rocky Mountains, the Balkans, the Alps. Mount Blanc is the highest mountain of the Alps. What is the name of the mountain range in the west of North America? The Rocky Mountains or the Rockies.

5. Pasaulio regionų, dykumų, provincijų pavadinimais:
the Middle East, the Far East, the North of England, the Sahara, the Gobi, the Kara-Kum, the Tyrol, the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Transvaal, the Riviera.
Isabel left Chicago for San Francisco where I was to take ship for the far East.
The Sahara, that frightened many brave men, was a dream to Tom.
Aged nineteen he made a tour whith his mother to France, Belgium, the Tyrol and the Ruhr.

6. Šalių pavadinimais, kuriuose yra žodžiai: Republic, Union, Kingdom, States:
In 1959, twelve nations - Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the U. S. - signed a treaty suspending any territorial claims for 30 years and reserving the continent of Antarctica for research.
There are vast cotton-growing districts in the Argentine Republic.

7. Keturių pasaulio šalių pavadinimais:
the North, the South, the East, the West. He lives in the South. (But: go south.) Italy is in the South of Europe. France is to the north of Italy.

8. Istorinių dokumentų pavadinimais; karų pavadinimais:
the Constitution, the Magna Carta, the Declaration of Indepen¬dence;
the Crimean War, the Korean War, the Vietnamese War.
The Constitution was adopted by a convention of the States on September 17, 1787.
The Declaration of Independence was drawn up in 1776.
In 'Gone Whith the Wind' a rich family is caught up in the Ameri¬can Civil War.
The Civil War was fought in the United States between 1861 and 1865.
Tension culminated in a second invasion of Sinai during the Six Day War of June, 1967.
(But:
The allied powers defeated the Nazis in World War II.)

9. Viešbučių, restoranų, teatrų, kinų, muziejų, galerijų, koncertinių salių pavadinimais:
the Hilton, the Bombay Restaurant, the Tate Gallery, the National Gallery, the National Theatre, the Festival Hall, the Albert Hail.
The 'Sheraton' hotel is one of the cheapest here.
The first rate orchestra, famous singers and celebrated conductors first paid appearance at the Grainger Music Theatre in 1856. 'Kramer versus Kramer' is on in the 'Dallas' cinema.
'King Kong' is on in the 'Metropolitan'.
The 'Globe' theatre is one of the oldest theatres in Great Britain. The Maritime museum is popular among children. The British Museum is one of the richest museums in the world. A valuable painting has been stolen from the National Gallery.

10. Laikraščių pavadinimais:
the Times, the Washington Post, the Financial Times. The 'Times' is a popular English newspaper. The 'Financial Times' is a Sunday newspaper.

11. Chorų, orkestrų, popgrupių pavadinimais:
the Bach choir, the Beatles, the Philadelphia Orchestra.

12. Žodžiais: school, college, university tokiuose pavadinimuose, kaip: The School of St. Monica.
The University of Florida. The College of Arts and Sciences.
Harry has been admitted to the School of Medicine at Midwestern University.
She willingly attended the University of Princeton.
Florida State University is smaller than the University of Florida.

13. Visos šeimos, giminės, dinastijos pavadinimais; būdvardiniais daiktavardžiais, nusakančiais tautybę ar priklausomumą, šaliai; etninių grupių, pavadinimais:
the Bretls, the Browns, the Whites, the Forsytes; the British, the Welsh, the Dutch, the English; the Indians, the Aztecs, the Escimos. It is in the nature of the Forsytes to be ignorant that he is a Forsyte. It is high time the Whites arrived. The English are very similar to the Scottish in character. Montezuma was one of the last emperors of the Aztecs.

14. Dalinai sudaiktavardėjusiais būdvardžiais ar dalyviais, vartojamais apibendrinančia reikšme:
(the rich, the old, the black, the sick, the poor, the young, the deaf, the disabled, the unemployed, the injured. They were discussing the problem of the unemployed. Only the rich could afford his firm's products.

15. Pavadinimais tų daiktų, augalų ar gyvūnų rūšių, kurie atstoja ir apibendrina visą daiktų, augalų, gyvūnų klasę ar rūšį:
The bicycle is a cheap means of transport.
The deep freeze has made life easier for housewives.
The rose is a domestic plant.
The peacock is a member of the peasant family.
The octopus is a strange-looking animal and not really fish at all.

16. Muzikos instrumentų kuriais grojama, pavadinimais (dažniausiai junginyje su veiksmažodžiu "play"):
Rita plays the violin and her sister plays the guitar.
His mother is known to play the piano and he is known to play the flute.
What kind of instruments do you play? I play the trumpet and the accordion.

17. Šiais žodžiais, kai jie turi apibendrinančią reikšmę:
a) the countryside, the country (kai galvojama apie kaimą);
b) the theatre, the cinema, the movies;
c) the press, the radio (but: television);
d) the police, the media;
e) the flu;
f) the doctor, the dentist.
Her mother never went to the theatre.
In fact, the only people we see regularly on TV and hear regularly on the radio are announcers.
What's the news? Why does the press keep silence?
When the woman heard someone in the house she called the police.
How often do you see the dentist?
Is mother in? No, she is at the doctor's.

18. Daiktavardžiais, prieš kuriuos yra apibrėžiamasis pažyminys, išreikštas aukščiausiu būdvardžio laipsniu:
the largest house, the longest river, the biggest stone. Elephants are the largest land animals. Diamond is the hardest substance known to man. Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa. Mercury is the nearest planet to the Sun.

19. Daiktavardžiais, prieš kuriuos yra kelintinis skaitvardis:
the First World War (but: World War I), the third chapter, the second case, the third dish.
The first woman who entered their shop was well-dressed. The se¬cond woman who appeared in the doorway was plainly dressed.

Frazės su artikeliu "the":

- nothing of the kind
- under the circumstances
- for the purpose of
- to tell the truth
- on the one hand and on the other hand
- to be on the safe side
- to be out of the question
- by the window, at the door, in the corner, at the table, on the ceiling, on the floor - a particular place in the room.

Exercise I. Use the proper article.

1. If you go sailing you should listen to weather reports on radio.
2. Children spend too much time watching television.
3. Times is newspaper with a long tradition.
4. Before the days of television, people used to listen to radio.
5. equator runs round the middle of earth.
6. Don't believe everything you read in newspaper.
7. It's oldest university in world.
8. In September 1939, a war erupted in Europe and Roosevelt announced that United States would be neutral, but not indifferent.
9. The door was closed when I went to bed.
10. Robert moved closer to bed.
11. Great Lakes form largest body of fresh water in world.
12. We don't know how old universe is.
13. Our lives arc dominated by television.
14. She has returned to theatre after an absence of five years.
15. The town is boring. What we need is movies.
16. I wanted to go to university but I wanted to be an actress more.
17. I once played guitar, but not now.
I8. She started learning piano at the age of five.
19. I am afraid violin is an instrument I never mastered.
20. Vietnam is to south of China.
21. Scotland is to north of England.
22. Conservative Party is on right of British politics.
23. In Britain, India and some other countries you should drive on left, but in most of the world people drive on right.
24. Air force relief flights continue in morning.

Exercise II. Match the following. Choose the right letter.

1. Could we have the menu, please? a) in the garden
2. The music isn't very good, is it? b) in a living room
3. I hope the film is going to be good. c) at a wedding
4. Oh! The sand is really hot. d) in a classroom
5. Doesn't the bride look beautiful? e) in a restaurant
6. Switch on the television. f) on a beach
7. The judge has fallen asleep. g) in a cinema queue
8. The grass needs cutting. h) in a bathroom
9. Where's the soap? i) in a courtroom
10. Who's been writing on the blackboard? j) at a concert

Exercise III. Use the proper article.

1. giraffe is tallest of all animals.
2. parrot has a great facility for being able to produce human speech and human sounds.
3. He was very fond of animals and kept many kinds of pets. He had cow with calf too, and old lame horse.
4. What animal is called king of the jungle? lion.
5. police suspect arson.
6. This is third burglary.
7. The General had pistol in his hand.
8. radio is on in an expensive pub.
9. Under this government rich seem to have got richer and poor poorer.
10. What is best treatment for flu?
11. Of which country is Washington the capital? USA
12. What joins Red Sea and Mediterranian? Suez.
13. Which mountain range is Everest? Himalayas.
14. Which is the largest continent? Asia.
15. National Gallery is on Trafalgar Square.
16. The Prime Minister's residence is in Downing Street.
17. Are you staying at home for Christmas?
18. John Major replaced Margaret Thatcher as leader of Con¬servative Party in 1990.
19. Several countries are interested in joining European Commu¬nity.
20. British newspapers are divided into popular papers, like Today, Sun, and quality papers, like Guardian, Times.
21. House of Lords will vote on the bill tomorrow.
22. Kremlin has so far made no response to the protest.
23. Democracies rest upon freedom.
24. He was one of the youngest to be elected to Senate.
25. Roosevelts have provided America with two presidents.

Exercise IV. Use the proper article.

Anyone who has ever travelled on New York underground railway during rush hours can easily understand following: little man, pushed into car, suddenly thought of pickpockets. He put his hand into his pocket and was somewhat shocked upon finding fist of fat fellow-passengers.
'Aha' cried . latter, 'I have cought you this time".
'Let my hand go', replied little man.
' Pickpocket', cried fat passenger.
' ScoundreP, answered little one.
Just then tall man, who stood between them, glanced up from paper he was reading.
'I'd like to get off there, if you, fellows, don't mind taking your hands out of my pocket'.

Vartokite nežymimąjį artikelį "a", "an" su:

1.  vienaskaitos daiktavardžiais, kurie yra suskaičiuojami ir minimi pirmą kartą:

I need a visa.

They live in a flat.

He bought a car.

How do you know there has been a murder?

2.  vienaskaitos daiktavardžiu, prieš kurį yra aprašomojo pobūdžio pažyminys išreikštas būdvardžiu arba dalyviu:

A little round clock ticked suddenly.

It was a cold snowy winter.

I have had an exciting afternoon today.

They saw an energetic, running and shouting Tom.

Peter thinks it is a cheap restaurant.

3. daiktavardžiu, kuris sakinyje yra vardinė tarinio dalis (dažnai su profesijų pavadinimais):

It was an accident. It was an earthquake.

She'll be a dancer and her husband is a businessman. He didn't want to become a miner.

4. daikto ar objekto, kuris yra vienas iš daugelio, pavadinimų:

A leaf fell down.

A fish splashed on the still surface of the water. An old oak was struck by lightning last night. I asked if he had a torch.

5.  suskaičiuojamu daiktavardžiu šaukiamajame sakinyje, kuris prasideda šaukiamuoju žodeliu 'what':

What a lovely instrument the violin is! What a night to wander out in! What a still, hot, perfect day!

6.  žodžiais hundred, thousand, million, kadangi artikelis a plačiau vartojamas negu skaitvardis one:

She saw a thousand seagulls diving, fighting for bread-crumbs.

7. žodžiu "half, kai jis yra prieš sveiką skaičių:

a half-holiday, a half-portion, a half-share, one and a half kilos .or a kilo and a half, fourteen and a half tones or fourteen tones and a half.

8.  daiktavardžiais, kai prieš juos eina kelintiniai skaitvardžiai, reiškiantys "kitas, dar vienas, papildomas":

a second chance, a third choice.

Be forgiving, but prudent. Give people a second chance, not a fourth one.

Now, it seemed, there might be a third choice.

Frazės su artikeliu a/an:

to be in a rage

         in a hurry

         at a disadvantage

         in a dilemma

         in a predicament

to pay a visit

to make a beginning

to give a start

in a low voice

in a whisper

on a diet

at a glance

as a matter-of-fact

a lot of

a great many

a great deal of

a couple of years

to have a good time

            a good rest

            a bath, a shower

            a smoke

            a shave

            a headache

            a cold

            a look at

to take a shower

five pounds a kilo

ten pounds a dozen

a pound a metre

a minute ago

a day ago

a week from today

It costs three pounds a metre.

Their speed is sixty kilometres an hour.

They used to meet ten times a week before their marriage.

Exercise V. Use the indefinite article a/an if necessary:

1. I get up at 7 a.m. 2. Then I take shower. 3. Afterwards I put on dress and go to have bite. 4. I eat cereal toast and egg. 5. I drink cup of coffee too. 6. Then I look through newspaper for hour. 7. On my way to work I meet colleague. 8. We walk to work together and talk in whisper about our boss. 9. We are in hurry because we know that the boss will be in rage if we are not on time.
10. One day we arrived at minute before nine. 11. We were at loss when we heard the boss wasn't in. 12. As matter of fact he is never late or ill. 13. We knew we would have to work great deal even if the boss wasn't there. 14. My colleague began working while I had look at my mirror, did my hair and decided to have smoke. 15. It was such relief to have no boss looking at you. 16. I decided it would be great day and I should have good time working.

Exercise VI. Match the following. Choose the right letter.

1. Who was Shakespeare? a) He was a scientist.
2. Who was Mozart? b) He was a playwright.
3. Who was Einstein? c) He was an artist.
4. Who was Leonardo da Vinci? d) He was a philosopher.
5. Who was Confucius? e) He was a composer.

Exercise VII. Use the proper article.

1. Once upon, time there was cat and dog who lived in small house.
2. My parents bought me bicycle but I don't like thing.
3. In test sentences should not be too difficult or too easy.
4. It measured one quarter of inch.
5. He works eighty hours week.
6. I am looking for atlas.
7. Here is hundred pounds.
8. I bought new television last week but my wife doesn't like it.
9. She wants new car.
10. It is always fatal to ask expert.
11. We will touch only few aspects of exposition.
12. This will affect normal relationship between husband and wife.
13. We bought sofa and vacuum cleaner.
14. You'll need knife and fork to eat that.
15. The river is mile wide.
16. I only asked for half kilo.
17. In her youth she was beauty.
18. He kept his money in tin.
19. Everybody wanted him to make speech.
20. To press clothes you need iron.
21. Put on piece of cake on scales and weigh it.
22. hour day would be enough.
23. Even that was error.
24. It's only gesture.
25. I would like to have pair of jeans and pair of new glasses.

Exercise VIII. Use the proper article.

1. Graham Mackay is engineer. 2. He works on oil rig in North Sea. 3. He works on rig for two weeks and then has two weeks at home in Glasgow. 4. rig is 100 miles off coast of Scotland. 5. oil company's helicopter Hies him to and from Aberdeen Airport. 6. He does important job, and he's paid over 350 pounds week. 7. Graham works twelve hours day during his two weeks on rig. 8. His shift finishes at midnight, then he goes to bed. 9. Although work is important, it's rather boring job. 10. He shares cabin with three other men. 11. One of them is friend of his, American called Lcc Driver, who comes from New Mexico. 12. men aren't allowed to drink alcohol, so Graham has milk or tea with his meals. 13. Most of the men smoke cigarettes. 14. weather can be pretty bad. 15. Sometimes there are storms. 16. Everyone's always glad to get back to mainland.

Exercise IX. Use the proper article.

1. very interesting kind of monkey in Western Africa is Diana monkey, which has white pointed beard and long tail. 2. On each monkey's forehead is thin white band. 3. In forest Diana monkeys live in large groups called tribes. 4. They live high in trees and can travel long distances through treetops. 5. If food is hard to find, they will eat young birds. 6. Most of time, however, they eat bird's eggs and insects. 7. Diana monkeys will not harm humans.

Exercise X. Use the proper article.

1. In Jeffs town there is small bank. 2. It is friendly bank called Lakeshore Bank. 3. This is Jeffs first visit to bank. 4. Mr. Harvey, president of bank, tells Jeff about bank. 5. Besides Mr. Harvey there arc many workers in bank. 6. Each worker has special job to do. 7. telephone operator answers telephone. 8. There are three tellers. 9. They are workers behind counters. 10. They help with savings, checking accounts and in many other ways. 11. Lakeshore Bank has guard. 12. guards help to protect money in bank.

Nevartokite artikelio,

1. kai kalbate apie kažką bendrai, neapibrėžtai:
I don't like coffee in the morning.
She likes flowers.
We bought books and magazines in town.

2. abstrakčiais daiktavardžiais:
freedom, happiness, love, air pollution, time, silence, practice, etc. The Americans enjoy freedom of speech, religion, assembly. Good health and happiness are more important than wealth and power.
Do you make any difference between home, school and work?

3.  žodžiais hospital, school, college, prison, church, court, market, kai turime galvoje ne pastatus, o tų vietų, įstaigų veiklą(dažniausiai frazeologiniuose junginiuose):
to go to hospital, to be in hospital,
to be taken to hospital;
to go to church, to be in/at church;
to go to prison, to be in prison, to be sent to prison;
to go to school, to be at school;
to go to court, to be in court;
John's mother is in church. She's a regular churchgoer. Is Judy at school? Mother has gone to market.
They had been requested to be in court by half past ten. Our son is doing well at college.
She in hospital now and doctors say she is terminally ill. All over the world, people are in prison either because of their belief or because of crimes.

4. mokslo šakų, dėstomų dalykų pavadinimais:
mathematics, sociology, history, economics, politics.
Maths is quite interesting.
We agree that physics is the study of matter and energy. Phonetics is a branch of linguistics.
They all knew that agronomy was a scientific farming and veterinary was the study of animal breeding.
She attends a course of lectures on English literature.

5.  žodziais shool,  college,university žodžių junginiuose,  kurie prasideda tikriniu daiktavardžiu:
Cooper's Art Shool, Vilnius University, Santa Monica College,
But:
The College of Santa Fe Community
The University of Vilnius
The School of arts
The College of Santa Monica. David attended Preston University.
Harry has been admitted to the School of Medicine at Midwestern University.

6.  daiktavardžiu, kuris yra junginyje su po juo einančiu kiekiniu skaitvardžiu:
World War One, chapter two, exercise three, page 10.

7.  žodžiais, reiškiančiais penkis pojūčius - jutimo, lytejimo, uoslės. regėjimo, skonio:
Taste, sight and smell are the sensations often affected  by bad injuries.

8. maisto, valgymo pavadinimais:
What shall we have for dessert today? Italian food is great. It was not good to smoke before dinner. She poured eight cups of coffee. Breakfast was bacon, eggs and coffee. Nobody objected to having dinner.

9. sporto šakų, žaidimų pavadinimais:
basketball, football, ice-hockey.

10. švenčių pavadinimais:
Christmas, Easter, Halloween, Epiphany; on Christmas day, on Easter day.

11. gatvių, kelių, skverų pavadinimais:
Regent Street, Fleet Street, Fifth Avenue, Cromwell Road, Piccadilly Circus.
There is a lot of traffic in Fifth Avenue.
Fleet Street is the centre of business, commerce and the press.
Nelson's Column is in the centre of Trafalgar Square.

12.  parduotuvių, restoranų, viešbučių, bankų; pavadinimais. kurie prasideda  vardais:
Harrod's Restaurant, Macdonald's Restaurant, Luigi's Italian Restaurant, Barclay's Bank.

13. atskirų kalnų pavadinimais:
Mount Everest, Mount Etna, Ben Nevis, Elbrus,
Mount Blanc, the highest mountain of the Alps, is the highest mountain in Europe.
Mount Rushmore is the site of magnificent tribute to four great American presidents.
He has climbed Mount Everest twice.

14. ežerų pavadinimais vienaskaitoje, įlankų pavadinimais:
Lake Geneva, Lake Ohio, Lake Superior, Lake Constance, Hudson Bay, Baffin Bay.

15. kontinentų, salų, miestų, valstijų (Amerikoje) pavadinimais:
a) Europe, Africa, South America, Central Africa, Asia-Minor, Latin America, Western Africa;
b) China, Japan, France, Venezuela, Sweden;
c) New York, London, Paris;
d) Florida, Ohio, California.
At twenty Thomas French joined an expedition to Africa. Three great rivers belong to Central Africa. Bolivia is in South America. The Urals separate Europe from Asia.
Their expedition will sail to Algeria and from there it would go to Spain.
Last year they visited Portugal and Mexico. Chicago is in Illinois.

16.  planetų, žvaigždynų pavadinimais (išskyrus. the Earth, the Sun, the Moon):
Venus, Mars, Orion, Saturn, Uranus.
Scientists hoped to send an expedition to Mars by the 1990s.
(But: American astronauts successfully landed on the Moon).

17. kai kuriais tikriniais daiktavardžiais tokiuose pavadinimuose, kaip:
Buckingham Palace, Edinburgh Castle, Hyde Park, London Zoo, Covent  Garden,  Westminster  Abbey,   Victoria  Station,   Canterbury Cathedral.

Frazės be artikelio:

to go to sea                              
     to make use of

to be out of date                            to give birth to

to be of opinion                            to give way to

out of mind                              
    to pay attention to

out of money                              
  to set on fire

to be at fault                              
   day by day, year by year

to be in debt                              
   hand in hand

to take place                              
   from head to foot

to take part in                               side by side

to take interest in                          at hand

to take care of                              on foot,

to take adventage of

by telephone, by letter, by fax

But:

on the telephone, on the radio.

Read the passage paying particular attention to the use of articles: Thomas French was one of the greatest explorers in history. He travelled to South America, Greenland and many other parts of the world. He was born in 1886, on Christmas Day. His family lived near Regent's Park. They were rich, and money was never a problem. Thomas left school because he wanted to go to sea. He sailed across the Atlantic Ocean with some friends. At twenty he joined an expe¬dition to Africa. Later he led expeditions to the Andes, to both poles and even to parts of the USA. He also climbed Mount Everest twice. The history of all these journeys is in his diaries, which show us the life of an explorer in the 1920's. Breakfast was French's favourite meal, and he always ate well. He went to bed early but often got up in the night to write his diary. He also took hundreds of photos, which are now shown at the National Gallery.

Exercise XI. Use the proper article.

1. A car passed them, heading for London.
2. He worked as a boatman on San Francisco Bay.
3. I looked at calm waters of Lake Michigan.
4. They simply wanted to go and climb Everest.
5. As result Africa was full of refugees.
6. These pictures are in collection of Queen Elisabeth II at Buckingham Palace.
7. It was nearly 40 years before she became Qeen.
8. Two wars erupted when he was Prezident.
9. Tim had dinner in hotel.
10. I was already waiting for her.
11. Now it was truly spring.
12. The winds from North are main dangers to naval forces and shipping at sea.
13. In morning all the peasants went to church.
14. He left school at seventeen.
15. They could not decide whether to go to court or not.
16. His parents couldn't afford to send him to university.
17. After 11 days in prison they were released.
18. She went to bed and slept lightly.
19. He was finally admitted to hospital with broken leg.
20. He was happy after his first victory in court.
21. I don't often travel by bus.
22. He got himself back to London the quickest way, by train and plane.
23. I acquired necessary reference books by post.
24. It was vain attempt to reach her at camp by telephone.
25. He isn't as serious as he is on television.
26. people like stability.
27. If man does not face reality, he will fail.

Exercise XII. Use the proper article.

1. papers say that man was thief.
2. Be first to extend your hand.
3. Do most important things first.
4. Know Book of Proverbs inside out. Read it often. Underline your favourites.
5. Get up earlier and watch occasional sunrise.
6. Take walk in warm rain.
7. The secret of happiness lies not in doing what you like but in liking what you have to do.
8. Take time out during evening to watch sun set.
9. Read history.
10. Don't let world squeeze you into its mould.
11. In making important decisions don't worry about going slow. Remember: God is never in hurry.
12. Everyone possesses same twenty four hours. Use them well.
13. When sun is not out, let your face act as sunshine to those around you.
14. Don't be afraid to say, T don't know'. People can smell bluff mile away.
15. When you answer phone, make sure other person feels smile in your voice.
16. On job, whatever your position, make yourself indispensable.
17. Always shake hands with winner after you've lost game, giving him bright smile and genuine compliment.
18. Find banker, lawyer, accountant and doctor you can call by first name and who are near your own age. Developing such relationships may take years, but will be well worth it in long run.
19. That tree stood out well against horizon.
20. John invited only us to take trip.
21. He believes in friendship.
22. His home is in heart of city.
23. He resorted to tricky practice.
24. picnic is occasion when people eat, dance, play in open air.
25. trouble with many of us is that we just slide along in life.
26. To insure long life, be moderate in all things, but don't miss anything.
27. letter is mental visit to a friend.
28. democracies rest upon principle that government exists to serve people.
29. Greek and Latin manuscripts that have come down to our own day are written in solid lines without any breaks.
30. It's mind that builds up body.

Exercise XIII. Use the proper article.

1. sun is small in comparison to other stars. It gives out two billion times more heat and light than earth can absorb. sun is most important star to earth.
2. falling star is really meteor travelling through space before falling to earth. meteor is cold chunk of mineral travelling in orbit around sun before it enters earth's atmosphere. It travels at tremendous speed.
3. Elephants live in such countries as India, Burma and Ceylon. In these countries elephants are extremely valuable because of their intelligence, power and natural ability to work.
4. birds have always interested man. He has studied them, classified them. As result of this interest, there are many superstitions about them. birds are often omens of bad luck.
5. American Indians had several methods for curing illnesses. They quite often used magic with ceremonies and dances. Indians were also skilled in setting broken bones. Many of medicines that Indians made from plants are still used today.

Exercise XIV. Use the proper article.
A BUSY BROKER
After O. Henry
1. At nine o'clock sharp Harvey Maxwell, broker, entered his office together with his young stenographer. Pitcher, clerk, who was sitting at his desk, looked at them with smile.
2. 'Good morning, Pitcher', said Maxwell with nod and hurried to his desk and plunged into great heap of letters and telegrams waiting there for him. 3. Business began. 4. But young stenographer was not in hurry. 5. Instead of going straight into next room, she remained standing before Mr. Maxwell's desk. 6. man sitting at that desk was no longer man; he was busy New York broker, wiring, phoning, selling, and buying. 7. He was like machine inaccessible to human feelings.
8. 'Mr. Pitcher', she turned to clerk, 'did Mr. Maxwell tell you anything yesterday about engaging another stenographer?'
9. 'He did', answered Pitcher. "I ran ad(advertisement) yesterday'. 10. 'No one has turned up so far'.
11. It was busy day, telephone rang, office was invaded by business men, clerks, messengers.
12. Suddenly young girl entered office and approached Maxwell.
13. ' new stenographer', said Pitcher.
14. "What stenographer?' asked Maxwell.
15. ' point is you told me yesterday to advertise for new stenographer'.
16. 'But we have stenographer', answered Maxwell. 17. T don't sec point. Miss Leslie has very good record. 18. I am sorry, madam, but there is no vacancy here'. 19. With these words he plunged again into great heap of telegrams and letters. 20. girl left office making effort to conceal her disappointment. 21. That made her embarrassment more obvious. 22. Pitcher remarked to bookkeeper Thai boss was getting more absent minded and forgetful every day. 23. Meanwhile business grew faster.
24. There were so many last-minute things to see to. 25. Maxwell was working like machine. 26. When luncheon hour drew near (here came slight lull (tyla), window was open, and suddenly through it came delicate, sweet odour of lilac (alyvu). 27. odour made Maxwell remember something. 28. 'I'll do it now', he said in whisper. 29. 'I have just five minutes before business begins again'.
30. He ran into next room; Miss Leslie looked up at him with smile. 31. He couldn't help admiring his charming stenographer.
32. 'Miss Leslie', he began hurriedly. 33. 'I have but moment to spare. 34.1 want to say something in that moment. 35. Will you be my wife? 36.1 love you. 37. Talk quick, please'.
38. 'Oh, what are you talking about?' exclaimed young lady. 39. 'Don't you understand?' said Maxwell impatiently. 40. 'I want to marry you. They are calling me to phone. 41. Tell them to hold line, Pitcher. Will you marry me, Miss Leslie?'
42. At first stenographer seemed puzzled and hurt. 43. Then she smiled and put her arms around broker's neck. 44. 'Oh, I see', she said softly. 45. 'Business makes you forget everything. 46. But don't you remember, Harvey, that we were married yesterday'.

Exercise XV. Use the proper article.

1. Remember your manners. Wherever you are, behave as if you are in White House.
2. almost limitless number of legends can be found in nearly every corner of Globe.
3. All legends describe basically same events, great catastrophy, cause of which is given as wickedness of man.
4. American essayist put it this way: press is reliable because of its great diversity.
5. In past, people used to think that earth was like flat board.
6. We all need voluntary helpers to assist us in following areas like accounting, information technologies, financial management.
7. dawn comes before sunrise.
8. criticism of the book was unfavourable.
9. lawyer acted in his behalf.
10. He works as accountant at bank.
11. After applause, be went on with his speech.
12. house opposite you is full of costly things.
13. They understood that danger was coming very close.
14. He was disinclined to take risk.
15. Nero ordered extermination of Christians.
16. He rode up to twentieth floor.
17. best way to build your vocabulary is to try to think of synonyms and antonyms.
18. ice on your pond melted fast.